Ua lilo nā paikikala uila i wahi wela hou i ka honua o ka hele ʻana ma muli o ko lākou ʻoluʻolu a me ka hoʻolālā aloha kaiapuni. Ke hoʻohana nei ka poʻe iā ia ma ke ʻano he ala hou no ka hele ʻana a me ka halihali no nā mamao lōʻihi a pōkole.
Akā i ka manawa hea i hānau ʻia ai ke paikikala uila mua? ʻO wai ka mea nāna i hana i ke paikikala uila a ʻo wai ka mea e kūʻai aku ana ma ke kālepa?
E pane mākou i kēia mau nīnau hoihoi i ko mākou kūkākūkā ʻana i ka mōʻaukala kupaianaha o nā paikikala uila he aneane 130 mau makahiki. No laila, e komo kākou i loko me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole.
Ma ka makahiki 2023, kokoke i 40 miliona mau paikikala uila e holo ana ma ke alanui. Eia nō naʻe, he hanana maʻalahi a koʻikoʻi kona hoʻomaka ʻana, mai ka makahiki 1880, i ka wā i pupule ai ʻo ʻEulopa i nā paikikala a me nā kaʻa tricycle.
ʻo ia ka mea mua i kūkulu i kahi paikikala uila i ka makahiki 1881. Ua hoʻokomo ʻo ia i kahi motika uila ma kahi tricycle Pelekane, a lilo i mea hana tricycle uila mua o ka honua. Ua loaʻa iā ia kekahi holomua ma nā alanui o Palisa ma kahi tricycle uila, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi palapala Sila Nui.
ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou aku i ka manaʻo o ​ ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pila i ke kaʻa tricycle a me kāna motika pili. ʻO ke kau ʻana o ke kaʻa tricycle holoʻokoʻa me ke kaʻa a me ka pila he 300 paona ke kaumaha, kahi i manaʻo ʻia he kūpono ʻole. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ua holo kēia kaʻa huila ʻekolu i 50 mile ma ka wikiwiki awelika o 12 mph, he mea kupaianaha ia e nā kūlana āpau.
ʻO ka lele nui aʻe i nā paikikala uila i hiki mai i ka makahiki 1895, i ka wā i patent ʻia ai kahi motika hub hope me kahi mīkini hoʻokele pololei. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia nō ka motika maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā e-bikes. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kahi motika palaki i hoʻomākaukau maoli i ke ala no ka paikikala uila hou.
ua hoʻolauna i ka motika kikowaena planetary gear i ka makahiki 1896, e hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā paikikala uila. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolalelale ia i ka e-bike no kekahi mau mile. I loko o nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua hana ʻia nā e-bikes i ka hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi, a ua ʻike mākou i ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā motika mid-drive a me friction-drive. Eia nō naʻe, ua lilo ka motika hub hope i ʻenekini nui no nā e-bikes.
ʻO nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana he mea kaumaha iki no nā e-bikes. ʻO ka mea nui, ua hoʻōki ke Kaua Honua II i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā e-bikes ma muli o ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka haunaele a me ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa i nā paikikala uila kahi hoʻolimalima hou o ke ola i nā makahiki 19030 i ka wā i hui pū ai e hana i nā paikikala uila no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana.
Ua hana lākou i kahi pīhoihoi i ka makahiki 1932 i ko lākou kūʻai aku ʻana i kā lākou paikikala uila. ʻO ka mea aʻe, ua komo nā mea hana e like me ke komo ʻana i ka mākeke paikikala uila i ka makahiki 1975 a me 1989.
Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana mau kēia mau ʻoihana i nā pila nickel-cadmium a me ke kēpau-acid, e kaupalena nui ana i ka wikiwiki a me ka laulā o nā e-bikes.
I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1980 a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1990, ua hoʻomākaukau ka hana ʻana o ka pākahi lithium-ion i ke ala no ke kaʻa uila hou. Hiki i nā mea hana ke hōʻemi nui i ke kaumaha o nā e-bikes me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ko lākou laulā, wikiwiki a me ka hana me nā pākahi lithium-ion. Hiki nō hoʻi i nā mea holo ke hoʻouka hou i kā lākou mau pākahi ma ka home, e hoʻolilo ana i nā e-bikes i mea kaulana. Eia kekahi, hoʻolilo nā pākahi lithium-ion i nā e-bikes i māmā a kūpono no ka hele ʻana i ka hana.
Ua hana nā paikikala uila i kā lākou mau holomua nui loa i ka makahiki 1989 me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ke paikikala uila e. Ma hope mai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he paikikala uila "pedal-assisted". Hiki i kēia ʻano hana ke hoʻomaka i ka motika e-bike ke pedal ka mea holo i ke paikikala. No laila, hoʻokuʻu ia i ka motika e-bike mai kekahi throttle a hoʻolilo i ka hoʻolālā i mea maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻohana.
I ka makahiki 1992, ua hoʻomaka ke kūʻai ʻia aku nā paikikala uila pedal-assist. Ua lilo ia i koho palekana no nā e-bikes a i kēia manawa he hoʻolālā kaulana no ka aneane nā e-bikes āpau.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 2000 a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 2010, ʻo ka holomua ʻana i ka ʻenehana uila a me ka uila, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki i nā mea hana paikikala uila ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano microelectronics like ʻole i loko o kā lākou mau paikikala. Ua hoʻolauna lākou i nā mana kōkua kinoea a me nā pedal ma nā handlebars. Hoʻokomo pū lākou i kahi hōʻike me kahi paikikala uila e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke nānā i ka mileage, ka wikiwiki, ke ola pākaukau, a me nā mea hou aku no kahi ʻike hoʻokele palekana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohui ka mea hana i kahi polokalamu kelepona e nānā i ka e-bike mamao. No laila, ua pale ʻia ke kaʻa mai ka ʻaihue. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻike like ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana a me ka hana o ka kaʻa uila.
He mea kupaianaha maoli ka mōʻaukala o nā paikikala uila. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā e-bikes nā kaʻa mua e holo ma nā pila a holo ma ke alanui me ka ʻole o ka hana, ʻoiai ma mua o nā kaʻa. I kēia lā, ʻo kēia holomua ke ʻano ua lilo nā e-bikes i koho nui no ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kinoea a me ka walaʻau. Eia kekahi, palekana a maʻalahi hoʻi nā e-bikes e holo a ua lilo i ke ʻano hele kaʻahele kaulana loa ma nā ʻāina like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou mau pono kupaianaha.